![]() (4) History reveals the saxophone as his most important contribution, since it has achieved lasting use and represents the greatest number of extant examples. (3) Of Sax's major inventions, his designs for cornet, bass clarinet, and soprano clarinet were highly influential in the development of the modern instruments. ![]() (2) He was a prolific inventor, holding sixteen Belgian patents (1838-63), twenty-one French (1843-81), and three British (1859-63), covering a wide variety of instruments. Adolphe probably studied flute and clarinet privately (he was not a student at the Brussels Conservatory), adding a player's experience to that of a maker. The Development of the Saxophone up to the Expiration of Sax's French PatentĪdolphe Sax (1814-1894), the son of the skilled and well-known Brussels maker Charles-Joseph Sax (1790-1865), became acquainted with many types of wind instruments in his father's factory. These makers and dealers were important in disseminating the saxophone family in various countries, a little-understood but important aspect of saxophone history. ![]() Appendixes identify fifty-four nineteenth-century saxophone makers and dealers (including trade names) and list examples of their work in public and private collections. (1) The second section discusses the saxophone after May 1866, emphasizing the explosion of saxophone makers and dealers after the expiration of Sax's French patent and the many contributions made to the development of the family by makers such as Buffet-Crampon & Cie, Lecomte, and Besson. ![]() It includes new information not appearing in Robert Howe's comprehensive article on the early development of the instrument. ![]() The first section of this article summarizes Adolphe Sax's professional life and focuses on the development of his earliest saxophone and its evolution through May 1866. The result was the rapid adoption of the saxophone family by composers and players throughout Europe and the United States by the late 1880s. This development proceeded in two basic stages: the first, up to May 11, 1866-the date on which Adolphe Sax's patent expired-under Sax's patent protection and the second, after this date, when other makers developed their own models. The emergence of the saxophone in 1839 and the subsequent popularity of the saxophone family (soprano through bass) after 1870 in France is a unique development in music history. ![]()
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